Orange wine, also known as skin-contact white wine or amber wine, is a unique style of wine made from white grape varieties fermented with their skins. Unlike traditional white wines, which are pressed immediately after crushing, orange wine undergoes extended maceration, resulting in a distinctive color, tannic structure, and complex flavors. Below, we explore the key production methods behind this ancient yet increasingly popular wine style.

1. Grape Selection

The process begins with carefully selecting high-quality white grapes, often indigenous varieties such as Ribolla Gialla, Pinot Grigio, or Sauvignon Blanc. The grapes must be fully ripe to ensure sufficient tannins and phenolic compounds for extended skin contact.

2. Crushing and Maceration

After harvesting, the grapes are gently crushed, and the juice, skins, seeds, and sometimes stems are left to macerate together in fermentation vessels. This maceration period can last from a few days to several months, depending on the desired intensity of flavor, color, and tannin extraction.

3. Fermentation

Fermentation occurs naturally with wild yeasts or inoculated strains, often in large clay amphorae, wooden barrels, or stainless steel tanks. The presence of grape skins during fermentation contributes to the wine’s oxidative qualities and robust structure.

4. Pressing and Aging

Once maceration is complete, the wine is pressed to separate the liquid from the solids. Orange wines are typically aged in neutral vessels—such as oak barrels, concrete eggs, or clay qvevri—to enhance texture without overpowering the natural flavors. Aging can range from several months to years.

5. Bottling and Minimal Intervention

Many orange wine producers follow a minimal-intervention approach, avoiding filtration and excessive sulfite additions. The wine is often bottled unfined and unfiltered, preserving its natural characteristics and allowing further evolution in the bottle.

Conclusion

Orange wine production is a labor-intensive, artisanal process that bridges ancient traditions with modern winemaking. Its distinctive amber hue, tannic backbone, and complex aromas of dried fruit, nuts, and spices make it a fascinating choice for wine enthusiasts seeking something beyond conventional whites and reds.